Browsing by Series "FAU Studien zu Menschenrechten"
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- BookOpen AccessGrund- und menschenrechtskonforme Ausgestaltung der Aufnahme afghanischer Ortskräfte. Expert Opinion der FAU Human Rights Clinic 2021/22 in Kooperation mit Pro AsylFAU Studien zu Menschenrechten : 8, (FAU University Press, 2023-06-27) Hikele, Sarah; Roch, Sabrina; Schmid, Lena; Weyers, LuisaThe pictures of the abrupt withdrawal of international troops from Afghanistan in the summer of 2021 travelled around the world. With the fall of Kabul on 15 August 2021, the country fell back under Taliban rule. Only a fraction of the local forces working for the Bundeswehr or other German organisations were evacuated. Thousands of local forces are still trapped in Afghanistan and are threatened and persecuted by the Taliban as collaborators. This study is the result of the FAU Human Rights Clinic 2021/22, during which students of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, in cooperation with PRO ASYL, dealt with the human rights issues of the reception of local forces. In the course of the research, interviews were conducted with lawyers, staff from human rights organisations and affected local workers. The study documents the events in the summer of 2021, elaborates on the problems of the so-called local staff procedure (Ortskräfteverfahren) and makes proposals for a human rights-compliant interpretation of section 22 sentence 2 of the Residence Act (AufenthG) and the introduction of new protection instruments.
- BookOpen AccessHow to Protect Aid Workers in Conflict Situations : A Critical Analysis of International Humanitarian LawFAU Studien zu Menschenrechten : 3, (FAU University Press, 2019-04-02) Erdt, ReinholdThe deteriorating security situation for aid workers remains one of the vital but overlooked issues in humanitarian aid. Despite advancements in ensuring respect for International Humanitarian Law, violations of its rules remain a widespread problem. The increase in attacks against aid workers in recent years once again raises questions concerning the scope of their protection and ways to improve it. One principal reason behind this negative trend has been the shift in the nature of conflicts and the role of the “war on terror” in undermining the laws authority. Other reasons stem from internal developments of humanitarian actors, namely a lack of transparency or the cooptation of aid. This results in increased politicization and the disintegration of the civilian nature of humanitarian assistance. There is a need to reassess the role IHL can play in keeping aid workers safe. With non-State armed groups at the center of contemporary conflicts, engaging them is not longer only an option, but becomes a necessity. Traditionally, studies have focused on why actors violate International Humanitarian Law rather than on what encourages them to respect it. Relying only on sanctions has proven to be rather ineffective. With a focus on the incentive structure of International Humanitarian Law, the author will analyze the reoccurring violations from a different angle in order to understand the rationale inducing armed groups to respect it, and to propose viable approaches for the future. There now is a development towards a customary international rule that can curtail a State’s scope of action in treating non-State armed groups. The accumulation of customary law relating to non-international armed conflict, the convergence of International Humanitarian Law applicable in international armed conflict and non-international armed conflict, the protection awarded by International Human Rights Law and the practice of amnesties suggest that the extension of combatant status and Prisoners of War privileges should be possible. Analyzing these developments, the author proposes the application of International Humanitarian Law without making a distinction as to the source of obligation to all parties involved in a conflict, as a promising way to achieve greater adherence to International Humanitarian Law and thus a solution to keep aid workers safe.
- BookOpen AccessRechtsgutachten und Entwurf für ein Gesetz zur Umsetzung menschenrechtlicher und umweltbezogener Sorgfaltspflichten. Im Auftrag der Bundestagsfraktion Bündnis 90/Die GrünenFAU Studien zu Menschenrechten : 6, (FAU University Press, 2022-02-22) Kieninger, Eva-Maria; Krajewski, Markus; Wohltmann, FranziskaThe legal opion and the draft law on the implementation of human rights and environmental due diligence were prepared on behalf of the Bündnis 90/Die Grünen parliamentary group in June 2021. This version of the study has been slightly revised and updated following the adoption of the Act on Corporate Due Diligence in Supply Chains in July 2021. The publication of this study illustrates what alternative options would have existed for the design of a due diligence law and serves as a suggestion for future legislation.
- Doctoral thesisOpen AccessNew framework – new dynamics? Partizipation und Einfluss von Nichtregierungsorganisationen im Universal Periodic Review des MenschenrechtsratsFAU Studien zu Menschenrechten : 4, (FAU University Press, 2020-10-28) Hof, Christina; Krennerich, MichaelTogether with the establishment of the Human Rights Council by the United Nations General Assembly in 2006 a new mechanism was created with the aim of regularly scrutinizing the human rights situation in all UN member states. Despite the great potential of the so-called Universal Periodic Review (UPR) to strengthen human rights protection globally scholars raised considerable doubts whether the UPR would live up to the high expectations. This is one of the main reasons why nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) were seen as key actors for the new review mechanism. By participating in the review process NGOs were expected to alleviate the obvious weaknesses of the UPR and enhance its effectiveness. Using methods of qualitative research the dissertation generates knowledge about the role NGOs play in the UPR. Specifically, it examines how NGOs make use of the mechanism to raise their concerns and sheds light on the extent to which NGOs can influence the review process. The dissertation concludes by discussing the overall impact of NGO engagement on the mechanism itself. The exploratory research draws on an in-depth case study of the Federal Republic of Germany and offers some generalizable conclusions for the situation in other countries.
- BookOpen AccessResearching Academic Freedom: Guidelines and Sample Case StudiesFAU Studien zu Menschenrechten : 5, (FAU University Press, 2020-12-02) Kinzelbach, KatrinInternational human rights law protects the freedom indispensable for scientific research – a prerequisite for innovation and the pursuit of knowledge. However, empirical research on the protection and violation of academic freedom remains scarce. This volume seeks to fill that gap by introducing case study guidelines as well as four sample case studies in which the authors applied these guidelines in their research on academic freedom in Brazil, Egypt, Ireland, and Russia. The book also includes an inventory of available data sources on academic freedom, providing guidance on how to utilize and contextualize these data in country-level assessments. The research guidelines and case studies presented here are the result of an international, collaborative endeavor. Collectively, the authors seek to promote systematic, comparable research on academic freedom, while also fostering a community of scholars committed to developing this nascent field of interdisciplinary human rights research.
- BookOpen AccessSchutz für "Klimaflüchtlinge" – rechtliche Spielräume und innovative Lösungsansätze. Expert Opinion der FAU Human Rights Clinic 2022/23 in Kooperation mit dem Deutschen Institut für MenschenrechteFAU Studien zu Menschenrechten : 10, (FAU University Press, 2024) Brosi, Tina; Fiedler, Yannick; Jörissen, Noël A.; Mederer, Johanna Marie; Reiter, Felix; Farahat, Anuscheh; Kießling, JonathanDer menschengemachte Klimawandel stellt für weite Teile der Weltbevölkerung eine existenzielle Bedrohung der Lebensgrundlagen dar. Seine Folgen treffen in ihrer Mehrzahl Personen und Gesellschaften, die mit ihren Ökonomien bislang am wenigsten zum Klimawandel beigetragen haben. Die daraus resultierenden Gefahren und die verschärfte globale ökonomische Ungleichheit führt auch zu weiteren und neuen Migrationsbedürfnissen. Der internationale Menschenrechtsschutz und das gegenwärtige Flüchtlingsrecht sind auf diese Formen der klimabedingten Migration bislang noch nicht eingestellt. Die vorliegende Studie ist das Ergebnis der FAU Human Rights Clinic 2022/23, in der sich Studierende der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Deutschen Institut für Menschenrechte dem rechtlichen Rahmen der "Klimaflucht" gewidmet haben. Die Studie analysiert die verschiedenen Schutzformen des geltenden Rechts und zeigt dessen Potentiale und Lücken, sowie rechtliche Auslegungs- und Argumentationsspielräume auf. Darüber hinaus stellt die Studie innovative Lösungsansätze und aktuelle Initiativen zur Reform der Rechtslage vor und bewertet diese aus menschenrechtlicher Perspektive.
- BookOpen AccessSexuelle Selbstbestimmung in der Kommune : Bestandsaufnahme und Handlungsempfehlungen für die Städte Nürnberg und ErlangenFAU Studien zu Menschenrechten : 1, (FAU University Press, 2017-05-18) Leicht, Imke; Heß, RonjaThe cities of Nuremberg and Erlangen are committed to further promote sexual and gender diversity as an integral part of their municipal anti-discrimination and diversity policies. This study presents the results of a qualitative survey on how sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) as dimensions of diversity have been taken into account in selected areas. Subsequently, recommendations are presented on how SOGI could be gradually established as a cross-sectional theme in relevant municipal areas of responsibility. For this purpose, the study draws on the human right of sexual self-determination. It focuses on the meaning and role of the municipality and puts SOGI into an intersectional context. 2512‐4153
- BookOpen AccessSources of Solidarity : A Short Introduction to the Foundations of Human RightsFAU Studien zu Menschenrechten : 7, (FAU University Press, 2022-04-22) Bielefeldt, HeinerHuman rights are not just another set of legal tools, norms and entitlements. Rather, they radiate the authority of „inalienable rights“, which all human beings equally possess - simply because of their humanness. This is the foundational idea. Although human rights are a beacon of hope for numerous people in all continents, they remain politically contested in many ways. Critics have questioned the effectiveness of human rights campaigns as well as the legitimacy of promoting universal rights across political and cultural boundaries. In order to respond to critical objections, one has to tackle stereotypical misperceptions, such as the false equation of human rights with an „individualistic“ lifestyle. In fact, human rights facilitate political solidarity based on universal respect. Unlike other introductions to human rights, which usually focus on legal standards, procedures and institutions, this book mainly explores the foundational principles, which jointly define the human rights approach: inherent dignity, freedom, equality and solidarity. The purpose is to trigger curiosity, critical questions, debates and personal discoveries. Professor Heiner Bielefeldt teaches human rights at the Friedrich-Alexander University in Erlangen-Nurembourg. Between 2010 and 2016, he served as UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief.
- BookOpen AccessStaatliche Schutzpflichten und unternehmerische Verantwortung für Menschenrechte in globalen LieferkettenFAU Studien zu Menschenrechten : 2, (FAU University Press, 2018-09-14) Krajewski, Markus; Krajewski, MarkusThe responsibility of transnational corporations for human rights violations in global supply chains continue to be of public interest: Fires in textile factories in Pakistan, environmental destructions due to oil production or worst forms of child labour in mines which produce minerals for electronic goods are just a few examples. Even if companies are not formally bound to internationally binding human rights according to current legal doctrine, a number of legal and political instruments emerged recently through which companies can be held accountable. The contributions to this volume analyse recent developments in public international law and domestic torts law and provide fresh insights into the fundamental questions of corporate responsibility for human rights violations in global supply chains.